Head slider and disk drive apparatus

ABSTRACT

A head slider having excellent shock resistance and a head supporter, as well as a disk drive, using the head slider. The head slider is characterized in the form of its opposite-to-disk surface having a fixed point set at a position located outwardly of the rear end portion of the slider and at a predetermined distance from a point of application of a load to urge the slider toward the disk, whereby the slider, when a shock power is externally applied to the slider, is rotated such that at least one of pitch angle and roll angle is kept positive. Owing to this structure, a disk drive excellent in shock resistance can be provided.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a head slider having mounted thereon an information converting transducer for recording and playing back data on a disk-formed recording medium, such as a magnetic disk and a magneto-optic disk, and a disk drive apparatus using the same.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Recently, there have been made great technological advances in disk recording and playback apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “disk drive”) for recording and playing back data on a disk-formed recording medium such as a hard disk and an optical disk (hereinafter referred to as “disk”) and its use is expanding not only in the application of conventional computers but also in many other fields. There are increasing demands for such disk drives that are capable of higher density recoding, resistant to external disturbance such as shock power so as to prevent the disk and the head slider from damage and keep stabilized recoding and playing back performances, and small in size so as to be mounted on portable equipment. However, it sometimes occurred in conventional disk drives, when subjected to external shock power, that the head slider collided or came in touch with the disk so as to cause wear or damage on the head slider or the disk, data recorded on the disk were destroyed, and even the disk drive itself was damaged.

[0003] Therefore, there have been demands for improved shock resistance of head sliders, suspensions, or actuator arms used in the disk drives. Since, the head slider, in particular, is held above the disk at a small flying height, it tends to collide with the disk when subjected to shock power. Therefore, it is desired to provide a head slider structure which will, at least, not cause a fatal damage on the head slider or the disk even when a shock power is applied thereto. However, there are few examples of studies so far made of the optimum form to improve the shock resistance of the surface of the head slider opposite to the disk (hereinafter, referred to as “opposite-to-disk surface”). There have conventionally been made studies to suppress variation in the flying height of the rear end portion of the head slider, where the transducer is provided, against variation in skew angle, atmospheric pressure, and so on.

[0004] For example, a structure of a head slider is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,021,020, which, even when there is variation in skew angle, in atmospheric pressure, in external force due to swinging of the head slider, or in the load applied thereto, allows the positive pressure and negative pressure applied to the head slider to be kept in good balance based on such variation. It is stated therein that virtually no change is made, by virtue of the good balance thus obtained, in the flying height in the vicinity of the transducer, so that stabilized information recording or playback is made possible. In JP8-227514, there is disclosed a structure in which the distance, to the surface of the disk, of the portion of the head slider at which the transducer is provided is virtually not changed even if an external force to increase the pitch angle is applied to the structure. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,909,223, there is disclosed a method to obtain the optimum form of the surface of the head slider opposite to the disk by calculation with the use of molecular gas lubrication equations. Further, in U.S. patent application No. 2001/0010612, there is disclosed a structure in which collision due to rolling of the head slider with the disk is prevented by increasing the roll stiffness of the head slider. However, in this structure, the spring stiffness obtained by assuming the viscous fluid film formed between the head slider and the disk to be a spring is not large enough to cope with shock power.

[0005] In all the above disclosures, it is designed to suppress variation in the flying height of the rear end portion of the slider under conditions of varied skew angle of the head slider, varied atmospheric pressure, varied load from the suspension, and so on. However, when these variations are compared with externally applied shock power, the latter, i.e., shock power is much stronger. Therefore, it is difficult to say that any of the disclosures is quite effective against shock power.

[0006] At times, when for example a head slider is subjected to a great external shock power, it comes to have a negative pitch angle, i.e., the flying height of the front end portion of the head slider becomes, reversely, lower than the flying height of the rear end portion. Under conditions of such negative pitch angle, a viscous fluid such as air stops coming into the space between the head slider and the disk surface. As a result, the positive pressure disappears, and thereby the head slider is caused to collide with the disk and become damaged.

[0007] Especially, disk drives for use in portable equipment are required to be smaller in disk diameter and, in addition, to be smaller in disk rotating speed. Hence, the velocity of viscous fluid flowing through the space between the head slider and the disk becomes smaller than in conventional disk drives. Hence, there arises also a problem how to realize a slide structure having sufficient shock resistance under conditions of such low fluid velocity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The present invention has been made to solve the above mentioned problems. It is an object of the invention to provide a head slider having a fixed point set at a position at least outwardly from the rear end portion of the head slider so that the head slider, when a shock power is externally applied thereto, is allowed to make a rotational displacement around the fixed point in the direction to decrease at least one of the pitch angle and the roll angle, and thereby absorb the shock power.

[0009] The head slider flying over a surface of a disk-shaped recording medium for making at least one of recording and playback by using a transducer comprises:

[0010] a front end portion on a forward side with respect to a rotating direction of a disk-shaped recording medium;

[0011] a rear end portion on a rearward side;

[0012] an opposite-to-disk surface arranged to be opposite to the disk-shaped recording medium; and

[0013] a transducer disposed on said opposite-to-disk surface, in which

[0014] the head slider is allowed to fly over a surface of the disk-shaped recording medium under a dynamic pressure, produced from a viscous fluid flow accompanying rotation of the disk-shaped recording medium and a load urging said head slider toward the disk-shaped recording medium, and

[0015] the opposite-to-disk surface is formed to have a fixed point set at a position located rearwardly from the rear end portion of the head slider and at a predetermined distance from a point of application of the load, thereby rotating the head slider around the fixed point when a shock power is externally applied to the same flying over a surface of the disk-shaped recording medium, in a direction in which at least one of pitch angle and roll angle decreases while each angle is kept positive.

[0016] Owing to the described structure of the opposite-to-disk surface, the head slider, even when an external shock power is applied thereto, is enabled to absorb the shock power by rotating in such a way as to keep at least one of the pitch angle and the roll angle at a positive angle value by virtue of the spring stiffness of the viscous fluid film produced at the front end side and the rear end side of the head slider. Hence, even if a large shock power is applied to the head slider, its collision with the disk surface can be prevented or the energy produced at the time of its collision can be reduced so that the head slider or the disk is prevented from being damaged. Thus, a highly reliable head supporting mechanism and disk drive can be manufactured and a disk drive with large-capacity and of small and thin type can be mounted on portable equipment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017]FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a head slider of a first exemplary embodiment of the invention seen from the side of the opposite-to-disk surface thereof.

[0018]FIG. 1B is a plan view of the head slider.

[0019]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main portion of the disk drive of the invention.

[0020]FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a head supporter of the invention.

[0021]FIG. 4 is an explanatory drawing of the principle of a method to obtain the position of a fixed point from spring stiffness of a viscous fluid film in the invention.

[0022]FIG. 5A is a drawing explanatory of a mechanism in the head slider to absorb a shock power.

[0023]FIG. 5B is an explanatory drawing of an operation of the head slider of a first comparative example under the application of a shock power thereto.

[0024]FIG. 5C is an explanatory drawing of an operation of the head slider of a second comparative example under the application of a shock power thereto.

[0025]FIG. 6A is a plan view of a head slider of the invention having another configuration.

[0026]FIG. 6B is a plan view of a head slider of the invention having a further configuration.

[0027]FIG. 6C is a plan view of a head slider of the invention having a still further configuration.

[0028]FIG. 7 is a graph showing relationship between L₀/L_(s) and shock resistance in the head slider of the first exemplary embodiment.

[0029]FIG. 8A is a plan view of the head slider of the first comparative example.

[0030]FIG. 8B is a plan view of the head slider of the second comparative example.

[0031]FIG. 9 is an explanatory drawing of the principle of absorption of shock power carried out in the head slider of a second exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0032]FIG. 10A is an explanatory drawing of an operation of the head slider of the second exemplary embodiment in response to a shock power applied thereto.

[0033]FIG. 10B is an explanatory drawing of an operation of the head slider of a third comparative example in response to a shock power applied thereto.

[0034]FIG. 10C is an explanatory drawing of an operation of the head slider of a fourth comparative example in response to a shock power applied thereto.

[0035]FIG. 11 is a graph showing relationship between L₀/L_(s) and shock resistance in the head slider of the second exemplary embodiment.

[0036]FIG. 12 is a plan view of a head slider of a third exemplary embodiment.

[0037]FIG. 13 is an explanatory drawing of the principle of absorption of shock power carried out in the head slider of the third exemplary embodiment.

[0038]FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a modification example of the head slider of the third exemplary embodiment.

[0039]FIG. 15 is a plan view showing another modification example of the head slider of the third exemplary embodiment.

[0040]FIG. 16 is a sectional view showing another structure of the disk drive of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0041] Head sliders and disk drives using the same according to exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to their respective drawings. Throughout the drawings, similar elements are denoted by similar reference numerals.

First Exemplary Embodiment

[0042]FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B are a perspective view of a head slider of a first exemplary embodiment of the invention seen from the side of the opposite-to-disk surface and a plan view of the same, respectively. Head slider 20 has opposite-to-disk surface 28 on one surface of a body thereof virtually in a rectangular parallelepiped shape.

[0043]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main portion of a disk drive using head slider 20. Disk 2 is supported on main spindle 1 and rotationally driven by driver 3. As driver 3, a spindle motor for example is used. Head slider 20 having a transducer (not shown) for performing recording and playback is fixed to suspension 5. Suspension 5 is fixed to actuator arm 6 and actuator arm 6, in turn, is rotatably attached to actuator shaft 7. Positioning means 8, for which a voice coil motor for example is used, allows actuator arm 6 to swing so as to shift head slider 20 to a predetermined truck position on disk 2. Housing 9 keeps the described components in predetermined relative positions and is covered with a lid, not shown, to prevent dust and harmful gas from getting inside.

[0044]FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a main portion showing a structure of head supporter 10 having head slider 20 fixed to suspension 5. Suspension 5 is made up of slider supporter 11 and beam 13. Head slider 20 is fixed to tongue-shaped section 12 provided at the distal end of slider supporter 11. The other end of slider supporter 11 is fixed to beam 13. Slider supporter 11, for which a gimbal spring for example is used, has a structure allowing head slider 20 to make pitch operation and roll operation. Head slider 20 is fixed to slider supporter 11 by for example adhesion with an adhesive and slider supporter 11 is fixed to beam 13 by for example welding/soldering. Beam 13 is provided at the front end thereof with pivot 14 for applying load to head slider 20, i.e., a predetermined load is applied to head slider 20 via pivot 14.

[0045] When recording and playback are performed by such disk drive, three forces as mentioned below are applied to head slider 20 and the head slider is allowed to fly over the surface of the disk under the condition of these forces kept in balance. More specifically, the first of the forces is that of the load applied by suspension 5. The second is a positive force, acting to fly head slider 20 over the disk, produced by inflow of viscous fluid, such as air, accompanying the rotation of the disk, through the space between disk 2 and head slider 20. The third is that of a negative pressure produced by the same viscous fluid flowing into a negative pressure generating section, which is a large recess made in head slider 20 so as to allow the viscous fluid to suddenly expand to generate the negative pressure. This negative pressure acts to draw head slider 20 toward disk 2. While head slider 20 is held at a predetermined flying height, positioning means 8 is driven such that head slider 20 is positioned at a predetermined truck position and the transducer (not shown) is allowed to record information onto disk 2 or play back recorded information therefrom.

[0046] Structure of head slider 20 of the present exemplary embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B. On opposite-to-disk surface 28, there are formed positive pressure generating section 21 and negative pressure generating section 221. Positive pressure generating section 21 is made up of first positive pressure generating section 211, side rails 213 disposed, in connection with first positive pressure generating section 211, on both sides in lateral direction of the opposite-to-disk surface, and second positive pressure generating section 212 disposed centrally in the lateral direction at rear end portion 27 and formed in a hexagonal shape as illustrated. Incidentally, first positive pressure generating section 211 has an elevation in level via a step from the edge of first intermediate-leveled surface 23 and formed of a portion perpendicular to the direction of the inflow of the viscous fluid and diagonal portions extended from the perpendicular portion and connected with both side rails 213.

[0047] Negative pressure generating section 221 is a region surrounded by positive pressure generating section 21 and second intermediate-leveled surface 24 so as to have a deep recess from these surfaces. This negative pressure generating section 221, side lower-leveled surfaces 222 located outwardly from side rails 213, and rear lower-leveled surface 223 disposed close to rear end portion 27 are surfaces at the same level. Transducer 25 is provided on the side toward the rear end of second positive pressure generating section 212 integrally therewith.

[0048] By virtue of the described configuration, a stable flying attitude of the head slider at a positive pitch angle, while flying over the disk surface, can be achieved, even if the positive pressures generated by positive pressure generating section 21 at the front end side and the rear end side are distributed such that the pressure at the rear end side is stronger, because the center of application of the negative pressure generated by negative pressure generating section 221 is provided rearwardly from the point of application (not shown) of the load. Further, by the provision of the side rails, shock resistance can be improved and also stability of the head slider preventing it from moving in the lateral direction, i.e., against variation in the roll angle, can be improved. The term “pitch angle” means the inclination of a head slider along its length with respect to the disk surface. When a flying height at the front end portion is greater than the flying height at the rear end portion, the pitch angle at this time is defined to be positive. The term “roll angle” means the inclination of a head slider along its width with respect to the disk surface. When the flying height of a head slider, while flying over the disk surface, on the inner circumferential side is greater than that on the outer circumferential side, the roll angle is defined to be positive.

[0049] Although a head slider can be processed by die forming or by general machining, it is preferably processed by wet or dry etching. When it is required to make highly precise and complicated processing, working by laser beam irradiation, ion irradiation, or the like may be used.

[0050] In the case of the first exemplary embodiment, processing by ion irradiation was employed; the difference in level between positive pressure generating section 21 and first intermediate-leveled surface 23, as well as second intermediate-leveled surface 24, was set to 0.08 μm, while the difference in level between positive pressure generating section 21 and lower-leveled surface 22 was set to 1.0 μm. Overall size of head slider 20 was set to be 1.24 mm long, 1.00 mm wide, and 0.3 mm thick.

[0051] For comparison with head slider 20 of the first exemplary embodiment, head sliders as shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B were made as comparative examples. Head slider 70 shown in FIG. 8A will be called comparative example 1 and head slider 80 shown in FIG. 8B will be called comparative example 2. Although comparative example 1 also has positive pressure generating section 21 and negative pressure generating section 221, its structure is different from head slider 20 of the first exemplary embodiment. More specifically, positive pressure generating section 21 of the example is made up of first positive pressure generating section 71, which is located at the side of front end portion 26 and centrally divided in two, and second positive pressure generating section 72, which is located at the side of rear end portion 27 and surrounded by second intermediate-leveled surface 74. While first positive pressure generating section 71 is arranged to be in touch with first intermediate-leveled surface 73 extended from front end portion 26, the same is arranged to be in touch with third intermediate-leveled surface 75 which is L-shaped and provided with a side rail. Second positive pressure generating section 72 is surrounded, as described above, by second intermediate-leveled surface 74 disposed on the side toward rear end portion 27 and, second positive pressure generating section 72 is provided with transducer 25 at its rear end. Negative pressure generating section 221 is a region surrounded by first intermediate-leveled surface 73, second intermediate-leveled surface 74, third intermediate-leveled surface 75, and first positive pressure generating section 71, and this section is at the deepest recess as compared with other surfaces. Negative pressure generating section 221, side lower-leveled surface 222, and rear lower-leveled surface 223 are on the same level.

[0052] Comparative example 2 is characterized in the points as follows. The first of the points is that third intermediate-leveled surface 82 is U-shaped. The second point is that first positive pressure generating section 81 is formed into a stripe shape sandwiched between third intermediate-leveled surface 82 and first intermediate-leveled surface 23. The third point is that negative pressure generating section 221, surrounded by second intermediate-leveled surface 24 and third intermediate-leveled surface 82, is made smaller in area. Otherwise, its structure is the same as that of head slider 20.

[0053] When the disk is rotated, viscous fluid such as air flows into the space between the disk and the head slider, and thereby a viscous fluid film is formed in the space between the disk and the head slider. This viscous fluid film acts as a spring when the head slider displaces along the disk surface. The spring stiffness of the film has different values depending on the form of the opposite-to-disk surface. If a suitable form is given to the opposite-to-disk surface, it becomes possible, when the head slider is subjected to a shock power to move it toward the disk, to give the head slider a rotational displacement around a certain position corresponding to the spring stiffness, and thereby the shock power is absorbed. This position is called a fixed point. The spring stiffness of the viscous fluid film can be obtained by numerical analysis if such factors are specified as the form of the opposite-to-disk surface, the flying height of the head slider, the pitch angle, the roll angle, and the disk rotating speed. If the spring stiffness is obtained, then the value of the shock resistance at the time when the head slider just comes in touch with the disk can similarly be obtained by calculation.

[0054] The fixed point can be obtained in like manner based on the value of the spring stiffness. The method to determine the position of the fixed point from the value of the spring stiffness of the viscous fluid film will be described by reference to the sectional view shown in FIG. 4. A state of head slider 30, flying over disk 2 at a pitch angle of θ_(p) and at a flying height of X₁ at the rear end portion on the basis of the spring stiffness of the viscous fluid film between the opposite-to-disk surface and the disk, is indicated by full lines. Head slider 301 at a state displaced by a displacement x in the vertical direction and by an angular displacement θ in the pitch angle upon application of shock power F to head slider 30 is indicated by chain-dotted lines. The position of fixed point G at this time is given, as illustrated, by the intersection of extended lines from the opposite-to-disk surfaces of head slider 30 steadily flying and of head slider 301 displaced upon application of the shock power. The point of application of load is defined as the point to which the load from the suspension (not shown) is applied to urge head slider 30 toward disk 2. This point is placed at many times at the center of gravity of head slider 30. The point of application of load rotates from point P₁ in the state of steady flight to point P₂ after displacement centering around fixed point G. Since angle θ_(p) is very small (approximately 0.1 mrad) and hence cos θ_(p)≈1, distance L₀ from point of application P₁ to fixed point G at this time is obtained from (Eq. 1): $\begin{matrix} {L_{0} = {\frac{x}{\theta}.}} & (1) \end{matrix}$

[0055] Meanwhile, the displacement caused by external shock power F can be expressed by the rotational displacement and the vertical displacement at the point of application of the load. When the displacement in the vertical direction to disk 2 is denoted by x and the rotational displacement is denoted by θ, with point of application P₁ of the load to head slider 30 taken as the reference, following (Eq. 2) holds: $\begin{matrix} {{{\begin{pmatrix} k_{11} & k_{12} \\ k_{21} & k_{22} \end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix} x \\ \theta \end{pmatrix}} = \begin{pmatrix} F \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}},} & (2) \end{matrix}$

[0056] where k₁₁, k₁₂, k₂₁, and k₂₂ are moduli of stiffness of the viscous fluid film produced by the viscous fluid flowing into the space between the head slider and the disk. Modulus k₁₁ denotes vertical stiffness, k₂₂ denotes rotational stiffness, and k₁₂ and k₂₁ respectively denote modulus of force in rotational direction and modulus of force in vertical direction produced by rotational movement, generated when the head slider is moved in the direction vertical to the disk. By modifying (Eq. 2), we can obtain (Eq. 3): $\begin{matrix} {\begin{pmatrix} x \\ \theta \end{pmatrix} = {{\frac{1}{\Delta}\begin{pmatrix} k_{22} & {- k_{12}} \\ {- k_{21}} & k_{11} \end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix} F \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}} = {\frac{1}{\Delta}{\begin{pmatrix} {k_{22}F} \\ {{- k_{21}}F} \end{pmatrix}.}}}} & (3) \end{matrix}$

[0057] Accordingly, distance L₀ from the point of application of the load to the fixed point G can be obtained from (Eq. 1) and (Eq. 3) as expressed by (Eq. 4); namely, L₀ is obtained as the ratio between the rotational stiffness k₂₂ of the viscous fluid film and the modulus of force k₂₁ in the vertical direction produced by rotational movement: $\begin{matrix} {L_{0} = {\frac{x}{\theta} = {- {\frac{k_{22}}{k_{21}}.}}}} & (4) \end{matrix}$

[0058] These moduli of stiffness k₂₂ and k₂₁ can be univocally obtained when such factors as the form of the opposite-to-disk surface of the head slider, the rotating speed of the disk, and the equivalent mass, i.e., the total mass of head slider and suspension, are determined, and thus the distance to the fixed point G can be determined by using these values.

[0059] Values of spring stiffness, fixed point, and shock resistance were calculated on head slider 20 of the first exemplary embodiment, on comparative example 1, and on comparative example 2 by the use of the above numerical analysis. In the numerical analysis, the equivalent mass of the head slider inclusive of the suspension was set to 8 mg, the load of the suspension applied to the head slider was set to 2 gf, the rotating speed of the disk was set to 4500 rpm, and the skew angle at a disk position of 6 mm in radius was set to −5 degrees.

[0060] Distances L₀ to the fixed point G were obtained from the ratio of above moduli of stiffness, and normalized distances by the use of bead slider length L_(s) as the reference, L₀/L_(s), were obtained as shown in Table 1. Table 1 also shows values of shock resistance calculated from spring stiffness. Incidentally, head slider length L_(s) is not the actual length of the head slider, but the length parallel to the disk surface. However, since angle θ_(p) is very small and, hence, cos θ_(p)≈1, these values can be regarded as are virtually equal. TABLE 1 Lo/Ls Value of Shock Resistance: G First Exemplary 0.9 1000  Embodiment Comparative Example 1 3.6 260 Comparative Example 2 0.45 570

[0061] As seen from Table 1, the value of L₀/L_(s) was 0.9 and the value of shock resistance was 1000 G in head slider 20 of the first embodiment. In comparative example 1, the value of L₀/L_(s) was 3.6 and the value of shock resistance was 260 G, while in comparative example 2, the value of L₀/L_(s) was 0.45 and the value of shock resistance was 570 G.

[0062] Description on the above results will be given below with reference to schematic diagrams of FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B, and FIG. 5C. FIG. 5A shows the case of the first exemplary embodiment. In the steady state, head slider 20 is flying over the surface of disk 2 with a flying height of Z₁ at the front end portion and a flying height of X₁ at the rear end portion. If shock power F is applied to head slider 20 in this state, it is displaced to the position indicated by head slider 201. At this time, though the displacement of the flying height at the front end portion (Z₁−Z₁₁) is larger than the displacement of the flying height at the rear end portion (X₁−X₁₁), the head slider keeps the pitch angle positive. If shock power F is made larger, the head slider is displaced to the position indicated by head slider 202. Even in this state, the head slider keeps its pitch angle positive (Z₁₂>X₁₂) and hence the viscous fluid continues to flow in. Thus, the shock power is absorbed and collision is prevented by the effect of spring stiffness of the viscous fluid film. Or, even if a collision occurs, the energy of collision is minimized. Such a value of shock resistance was obtained by setting distance L₀, to fixed point G₁ so as to satisfy L₀/L_(s)=0.9. Setting of the value of spring stiffness for obtaining such value L₀ can be easily made just on the basis of the form of the opposite-to-disk surface, assuming that such factors as the viscosity coefficient of the viscous fluid, the rotating speed of the disk, the skew angle, and the load are constant. While the rotating speed and the skew angle on the inner circumferential side of the disk are different from those on the outer circumferential side, above parameters in dealing with the shock resistance should preferably be taken from those on the inner circumferential side where the rotating speed is at a minimum.

[0063]FIG. 5B shows a schematic diagram of the case of comparative example 1. When shock power F is applied to the head slider 70 of comparative example 1, the head slider is displaced to the position indicated by head slider 701. This displacement occurs because fixed point G₂ is positioned a distance of 3.6 times as long as length L_(s) of head slider 70 away. Namely, with such a position of fixed point G₂, virtually no rotation in the pitch direction is produced when shock power F is applied ((Z₁−Z₁₃)≈(X₁−X₁₃)), but displacement is produced only in the vertical direction. Hence, a relatively small shock power causes the rear end portion to collide with the disk and, hence, the shock resistance becomes low.

[0064]FIG. 5C shows a schematic diagram of the case of comparative example 2. In head slider 80 of comparative example 2, ratio L₀/L_(s) is 0.45 and fixed point G₃ is located at a point slightly shifted from the rear end portion toward the side of point of application P₁ of the load. Accordingly, even if the head slider is displaced to the position indicated by head slider 801 by application of shock power F thereto, it does not collide with the disk and the value of shock resistance becomes greater than in the case of comparative example 1. However, if the shock power is increased, the flying height at the front end portion (Z₁₅) becomes smaller than the flying height at the rear end portion (X₁), i.e., Z₁₅<X₁. In this state, the viscous fluid stops flowing into the space between the head slider and the disk 2, and thereby formation of the viscous fluid film is stopped. Hence, the effect of the spring stiffness of the viscous fluid film is lost and head slider 80 comes to collide with the surface of disk 2, thereby destroying head slider 80 or disk 2. Further, when the state in which the flying height at the front end portion is smaller than the flying height at the rear end portion (Z₁₅<X₁) is brought about, a slight variation in such values as the disk rotating speed, the skew angle, or the load comes to greatly affect the value of shock resistance, thereby increasing variation of shock resistance.

[0065] As described above with reference to schematic drawings, by designing the opposite-to-disk surface such that, when an external shock power is applied to the head slider to compress the viscous fluid film between the head slider and the disk, the values of spring stiffness of the viscous fluid film at the front end portion and the rear end portion will have predetermined values, the head slider may then exhibit a smaller pitch angle but rotate with the pitch angle kept positive, and thereby even a greater shock power can be absorbed.

[0066] Relationships between values of L₀/L_(s) and values of shock resistance are obtained on head sliders having other various forms of the opposite-to-disk surface. Three types of opposite-to-disk surfaces of them are shown in FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C. Head slider 40 shown in FIG. 6A (hereinafter called type A) has a stripe-shaped first positive pressure generating section 41 surrounded by first intermediate-leveled surface 23 extended from front end portion 26 and third intermediate-leveled surface 42 having rails on both sides. Different points of this from head slider 20 of the first exemplary embodiment are that first positive pressure generating section 41 is stripe-shaped and widely arranged at the position close to front end portion 26 and that negative pressure generating section 221 is formed of an area chiefly surrounded by third intermediate-leveled surface 42. Therefore, the center of the positive pressure generated by first positive pressure generating section 41 is located somewhat closer to the side of the front end portion 26 than that in head slider 20 of the first exemplary embodiment.

[0067] Head slider 50 shown in FIG. 6B (hereinafter called type B) is different from head slider 20 of the first exemplary embodiment in that first positive pressure generating section 51 is formed into a stripe form sandwiched between first intermediate-leveled surface 23 and U-shaped third intermediate-leveled surface 52 and that negative pressure generating section 221 is formed in an area surrounded by third intermediate-leveled surface 52. Owing to this configuration, negative pressure generating section 221 and positive pressure generating section 21 can be designed to have their respective suitable values independently of each other and, therefore, the fixed point can be easily set at any desired spatial position. Accordingly, in type B (50), the center of the positive pressure generated by first positive pressure generating section 51 is located slightly closer to the side of front end portion 26 than that in head slider 20 of the first exemplary embodiment and the spring stiffness of the viscous fluid film formed in this area becomes somewhat smaller.

[0068] Head slider 60 shown in FIG. 6C (hereinafter called type C) is different from head slider 20 of the first exemplary embodiment in that first positive pressure generating section 61 is shifted toward the side of front end portion 26, that the area of negative pressure generating section 221 is made larger, and that the side rails provided on both sides are turned into third intermediate-leveled surface 62 in the middle of the side rail. Accordingly, the center of the positive pressure generated by first positive pressure generating section 61 and the center of the negative pressure generated by negative pressure generating section 221 are positioned somewhat closer to the side of front end portion 26 than in the first exemplary embodiment. Therefore, in type C (60), the point of application of the load is similarly shifted toward the side of front end portion 26, to thereby locate the point of application of the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure generating section closer to the side of rear end portion 27 than the point of application of the load.

[0069] Values of L₀/L_(s) and values of shock resistance of the three kinds of head sliders are shown in Table 2. TABLE 2 Lo/Ls Value of Shock Resistance: G Type A 0.7 900 Type B 1.6 870 Type C 1.8 800

[0070] As seen from Table 2, values of L₀/L_(s) throughout type A, type B, and type C are within the range from 0.7 to 1.8 and the corresponding values of shock resistance are within the range from 800 G to 900 G.

[0071]FIG. 7 shows relationship between values of L₀/L_(s) and values of shock resistance obtained from head sliders having various forms of opposite-to-disk surfaces. In the domain of the values of L₀/L_(s) being 0.5 or below, not only the value of shock resistance is sharply falling, but also variation of the value of shock resistance is increasing. This is because, as described above, a negative pitch angle tends to occur upon application of a shock power to the head slider when it has the fixed point G positioned inwardly from the rear end portion. Therefore, the value of L₀/L_(s) is desired to be larger than 0.5. On the other hand, when the value of L₀/L_(s) becomes 1, the value of shock resistance reaches its maximum, and after it passes 1, the shock resistance decreases virtually linearly. When installing a disk drive on portable equipment, it is desired that the value of shock resistance be as large as possible. As apparent from FIG. 7, in order to obtain a larger value than 750 G, the value of L₀/L_(s) is required to be below 2.0, and to obtain a value larger than 650 G, the value of L₀/L_(s) is required to be below 2.4. From these results, if opposite-to-disk surfaces whose value of L₀/L_(s) is set within the range of 0.5 to 2.0 are produced, disk drives having sufficient shock resistance as portable equipment can be realized. Even if the value is 2.4 or below, the shock resistance can be much improved over that in conventional disk drives.

[0072] Although the present exemplary embodiment has been described as such that has a load from a suspension applied thereto, the invention is possible even if it receives only the mass of the slider itself as the load, in which case the point of application of the load agrees with the center of gravity. It is also possible even if the load is applied to a different position from the center of gravity of the head slider. In such case, the point of application of the load can be set at the balancing point between the load from the suspension and the center of gravity of the head slider. When the point of application of the load is set to agree with the center of gravity, the inertial force acting at the time of application of a shock power is applied to the center of gravity of the head slider. Therefore, variation of the pitch angle hardly occurs even if there are some processing variations due to such errors as mounting error of the suspension on the head slider. Thus, allowance for designing the opposite-to-disk surface can be increased.

Second Exemplary Embodiment

[0073] Head slider of a second exemplary embodiment will be described below. Outward appearance of this exemplary embodiment was also made similar to the head slider shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B. However, this head slider is different in that slider length, width, and thickness are set to 1.30 mm, 1.05 mm, and 0.30 mm, respectively, and, further, in that the difference in level between positive pressure generating section 21 and first and second intermediate-leveled surfaces 23, 24 is set to 0.1 μm and the difference in level between positive pressure generating section 21 and lower-leveled surface 22 is set to 1.2 μm. The head slider 25 will be called a second exemplary embodiment. Head slider 25 can also be used by being mounted on the head supporter and the disk drive the same as the first exemplary embodiment. Head sliders in the forms as shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B were produced for the sake of comparison with the second exemplary embodiment, of which the sizes were also set the same as those described above. These head sliders will be called comparative example 3 and comparative example 4.

[0074] For each of the second exemplary embodiment, comparative example 3, and comparative example 4, fixed point G acting as the center of rotation in the pitch direction when a shock power is externally applied to the head slider was obtained in the form of the distance L₀ from the point of application of the load. Further, from pitch angle θ_(p) and flying height X₂ at the rear end portion of the head slider in the steadily flying state, the intersection of the extended line from the opposite-to-disk surface and the disk surface was obtained, and thereby distance L_(d) from the point of application of the load was determined. The method for obtaining L₀ and L_(d) will be described with reference to FIG. 9. The state of head slider 35 flying over disk 2 with pitch angle θ_(p) and flying height X₂ at the rear end portion is indicated by full lines, and the state of head slider 351 displaced by a vertical displacement of x and an angular displacement of θ upon application of shock power F to head slider 35 is indicated by chain-dotted lines. Fixed point G is indicated, as shown in FIG. 9, by the intersection of the extended lines of the opposite-to-disk surfaces of head slider 35 in its steadily flying state and of head slider 351 gone through displacement by being subjected to the shock power. Point of application P₃ of the load, here, corresponds to the center of gravity of head slider 35 and this point agrees with the center along the length of the slider in the present exemplary embodiment. The load from the suspension (not shown) is also applied to this point. Distance L₀ from the point of application of the load to head slider 35, in its state flying over disk 2 under the described conditions, to fixed point G can be obtained in the same way as in the first exemplary embodiment, and hence description of which will be omitted here.

[0075] The method for obtaining distance L_(d) from point of application P₃ of the load to intersection W of the extended line from the opposite-to-disk surface and the surface of the disk will be described below. Since pitch angle θ_(p) is very small and, hence, it is considered that cos θ_(p)≈1, L_(d) can be obtained from (Eq. 5): $\begin{matrix} {L_{d} = {\frac{L_{s}}{2} + {\frac{X_{2}}{\tan \left( \theta_{p} \right)}.}}} & (5) \end{matrix}$

[0076] The value L_(d) can be univocally obtained because pitch angle θ_(p) and flying height X₂ can be determined by setting the form of the opposite-to-disk surface of the head slider, the disk rotating speed, the equivalent mass, and the like. For example, in the case of the second exemplary embodiment, pitch angle θ_(p) is 70 μrad and X₂ is 13 nm when the head slider is flying over the disk surface. By substituting these values and length L_(s) of the head slider into (Eq. 5), L_(d) can be obtained.

[0077] Further, values of shock resistance were obtained under the same conditions as in the first exemplary embodiment. Results of ratios L₀/L_(d) and values of shock resistance obtained for the second exemplary embodiment, comparative example 3, and comparative example 4 are shown in Table 3: TABLE 3 L_(o)/L_(d) Value of Shock Resistance: G Second Exemplary 1.15 800 Embodiment Comparative 6.07 250 Example 3 Comparative 0.89 410 Example 4

[0078] As seen from Table 3, value L₀/L_(d) was 1.15 and value of shock resistance was approximately 800 G for the second exemplary embodiment. Value L₀/L_(d) was 6.07 and value of shock resistance was approximately 250 G for comparative example 3, while value L₀/L_(d) was 0.89 and value of shock resistance was approximately 410 G for comparative example 4.

[0079] Description about the results will be given with the use of schematic diagrams FIG. 10A to FIG. 10C. In the case of head slider 25 of the second exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 10A, it is in flight with a flying height of X₂ with respect to the surface of disk 2 at the rear end portion and at a positive pitch angle as illustrated. When shock power F is applied to head slider 25 in this state, the same is displaced to the position indicated by head slider 251. At this time, though displacement (Z₂−Z₂₁) at the front end portion is greater than displacement (X₂−X₂₁) at the rear end portion, a positive pitch angle is maintained. If still stronger shock power F is applied, it is displaced to the position indicated by head slider 252. Even in this condition, the head slider maintains positive pitch angle (Z₂₂>X₂₂), and hence the viscous fluid film is not broken and maintains its spring stiffness. Accordingly, collision can be prevented, or even if a collision occurs, the energy at the time of collision is small and hence damage hardly occurs. This effect is obtained by virtue of designing the form of the opposite-to-disk surface such that distance L₀ to fixed point G₄ is 1.15 times as long as distance L_(d) to intersection W₁.

[0080] Schematic diagram of the case of comparative example 3 is shown in FIG. 10B. When shock power F is applied to head slider 75 of comparative example 3, the same is displaced to the position indicated by head slider 751. Namely, the displacement at the front end portion and the displacement at the rear end portion become virtually equal ((Z₂−Z₂₃)≈(X₂−X₂₃)). The reason for occurrence of such a displacement is that distance L₀ to fixed point G₅ is 6.07 times as long as distance L_(d) to intersection W₂. More specifically, when the distance to the fixed point is so long as in this case, head slider 75 produces virtually no rotational displacement in the pitch direction when it is subjected to shock power F, but only produces a vertical displacement. Therefore, the head slider is displaced to the position indicated by head slider 752 by application of a small shock power, to thereby cause the rear end portion to collide with the disk.

[0081] Schematic diagram of the case of comparative example 4 is shown in FIG. 10C. In the case of head slider 85 in comparative example 4, ratio L₀/L_(d) is 0.89 and fixed point G₆ is located closer to the side of the head slider than intersection W₃ Even if the head slider is displaced to the position indicated by head slider 851 upon application thereto of shock power F, the same is prevented from colliding with the disk and, in this case, the shock resistance is improved over that in the case of head slider 75 of comparative example 3. However, if a still stronger shock power is applied, the flying height at the front end portion (Z₂₆) becomes smaller than the flying height at the rear end portion (X₂₆) and, hence, the viscous fluid film by the viscous fluid is not formed and the spring stiffness becomes lost.

[0082] As apparent from the description made above with the use of schematic diagrams, by optimally setting the position of fixed point G, it is made possible to obtain a head slider with high shock resistance.

[0083] Relationships between values of L₀/L_(d) and values of shock resistance are obtained also on head sliders with the forms of the opposite-to-disk surface as shown in FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C. However, external sizes and arrangement of steps were made the same as in head slider 25 of the second exemplary embodiment. These head sliders will be called type D, type E, and type F. Values of L₀/L_(d) and values of shock resistance were obtained as shown in Table 4: TABLE 4 L_(o)/L_(d) Value of Shock Resistance: G Type D 1.05 770 Type E 1.36 770 Type F 1.81 720

[0084] As apparent from Table 4, throughout type D, type E, and type F, value L₀/L_(d) was within the range from 1.05 to 1.81 and shock resistance was within the range from 720 to 770 G.

[0085]FIG. 11 shows results of findings of relationship between value L₀/L_(d) and shock resistance with the use of head sliders having various forms of opposite-to-disk surfaces. In the domain in which value L₀/L_(d) is 1.0 or below, not only the value of shock resistance is sharply dropping but also, in this domain, fluctuation of the value of the shock resistance is increasing. This is because, in the case where the position of fixed point G is shifted from the position of intersection W toward the side of the head slider, such a phenomenon tends to occur that the head slider comes to have a negative pitch angle when subjected to a shock power. Such a position of fixed point G is obtained when the spring stiffness of the viscous fluid film on the side of the rear end portion is greater. On the other hand, if the spring stiffness of the viscous fluid film on the side of the front end portion is made greater, the distance from the center of application of the load to fixed point G becomes greater than the distance to intersection W. When such a head slider is subjected to a shock power, only a vertical displacement occurs while no displacement of the pitch angle occurs and, hence, the value of shock resistance equally decreases. Thus, a large value of shock resistance can be obtained in the domain in which distance L₀ determined by the film stiffness at the side of the front end portion and at the side of the rear end portion has a certain ratio with respect to distance L_(d) to intersection W.

[0086] Even if value L₀/L_(d) is below 1.0, head sliders having great values of shock resistance can be obtained. However, as seen from FIG. 11, variation of the values of shock resistance becomes larger. Therefore, in order to obtain stabilized characteristics in this domain, it is required to greatly decrease fluctuations at the time of fabrication. On the other hand, in the domain in which value L₀/L_(d) is 1 or above, the value of shock resistance decreases virtually linearly. Hence, relatively large allowance for fabrication variation can be obtained. However, when value L₀/L_(d) becomes greater than 2.5, the value of shock resistance becomes lower than 650 G or thereabout, which is required of the component to be mounted on portable equipment. In view of these points, the optimal range of value L₀/L_(d) is from 1 to 2.5 inclusive.

[0087] Although the cases where the load from the suspension is applied to the head slider has been described in the present exemplary embodiment, the invention may be of such a structured in which only the mass of the slider itself serves as the load. In such case, the point of application of the load agrees with the center of gravity. Otherwise, such a structure may also be possible in which the load is applied to a different position from the center of gravity of the head slider. In such case, the point of application of the load will be set at the balancing point between the load from the suspension and the center of gravity of the head slider.

[0088] The present invention is not limited to the forms of opposite-to-disk surfaces described in the present exemplary embodiment. The form is not particularly limited provided that the form of the head slider has the fixed point at predetermined outer position.

Third Exemplary Embodiment

[0089]FIG. 12 shows a form of the opposite-to-disk surface of a third exemplary embodiment. The head slider 90 is virtually in a rectangular parallelepiped shape. Main portion of opposite-to-disk surface 92 is formed of first positive pressure generating section 93, a pair of second positive pressure generating sections 94, negative pressure generating section 95 surrounded by these positive pressure generating sections 93, 94 and arranged to have a deep recess from the positive pressure generating sections, and transducer 104 provided on positive pressure generating section 941 on one side of the pair of second positive pressure generating sections 94.

[0090] First positive pressure generating section 93 is formed of positive pressure rail 931 arranged in the direction perpendicular to the viscous fluid flow produced by the rotation of the disk, i.e., in the direction parallel to the width of the slider, and side rails 932, 933 arranged on both sides of the slider in the lateral direction so as to be connected with positive pressure rail 931. More particularly, positive pressure rail 931 is formed of a portion arranged parallel to the lateral direction so as to have an elevation in level, via a step, from the edge portion of first intermediate-leveled surface 99 and diagonal portions for connecting the parallel portion to both side rails 932, 933.

[0091] Second positive pressure generating sections 94 is made up of positive pressure generating section 941 on one side and positive pressure generating section 942 on the other side, which are formed in a hexagonal shape as illustrated and disposed on the side toward rear end portion 101 and closer to both sides in the lateral direction. On the side toward front end portion 100 of positive pressure generating sections 941, 942, there are provided second intermediate-leveled surface 102, 103, respectively. Second intermediate-leveled surfaces 102, 103 are at the same level as first intermediate-leveled surface 99, and the same have shallower recess than negative pressure generating section 95, when first positive pressure generating section 93 and second positive pressure generating section 94 are taken as the reference. Incidentally, first positive pressure generating section 93 and second positive pressure generating section 94 are at the same level.

[0092] Further, positive pressure generating section 941 on one side of second positive pressure generating section 94 is made larger in area than positive pressure generating section 942 on the other side. Further, positive pressure generating section 941 has second negative pressure generating section 96 formed therein by cutting off a portion thereof in a square shape. This second negative pressure generating section 96 is formed lower in level than second intermediate-leveled surface 102 and the bottom thereof is formed virtually at the same level as negative pressure generating section 95.

[0093] There are also provided, at the same level as negative pressure generating section 95, side-lower-leveled surfaces 97 disposed on the outer sides in the lateral direction of side rails 932, 933 and rear-lower-leveled surface 98 disposed between two positive pressure generating sections of second positive pressure generating section 94 for allowing the viscous fluid to flow out therethrough.

[0094] In the present exemplary embodiment, the difference in level between first and second positive pressure generating sections 93, 94 and first and second intermediate-leveled surfaces 99, 102, and 103 is set to 0.08 μm and the difference in level between the aforesaid positive pressure generating section 93, 94 and negative pressure generating section 95 is set to 1.0 μm, while the overall size of head slider 90 is set to 1.24 mm in length, 1.00 mm in width, and 0.3 mm in thickness.

[0095] Head slider 90, the same as the head slider in the first exemplary embodiment, can be mounted on the suspension and driven by the disk drive that are shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. The flying attitude of the head slider over the disk surface when the disk drive is driven and the method for determining the distance to the fixed point from the flying attitude will be described with reference to FIG. 13.

[0096] The state of head slider 90 flying over disk 2 with pitch angle θ_(p), roll angle φ_(p), and flying height X₃ at the rear end portion where transducer 104 is disposed is indicated by solid lines. Displaced state of head slider 90, after application of shock power F to point of application P₅, displaying displacement x in the vertical direction (not shown) and angular displacements θ, φ in the pitch direction and the roll direction, respectively, is indicated as head slider 901 by dotted lines.

[0097] Fixed point H₁, as illustrated, can be obtained as a crossing of rectangular coordinates in which the distance to fixed point H₂ when the head slider rotates in the pitch direction and the distance to fixed point H₃ when the head slider is rotated in the roll direction are used as their respective coordinate values. Here, fixed point H₂ in the pitch direction and fixed point H₃ in the roll direction can be obtained in the below described manner with point of application P₅ of the load taken as the reference. Since both θ_(p) and φ_(p) are very small, it is considered that cos θ_(p)≈1 and cos φ_(p)≈1. Therefore, the following approximation can be made.

[0098] Distance L₀ from point of application P₅ of the load to fixed point H₂ in the pitch direction can be approximated with the use of (Eq. 1) the same as in the first exemplary embodiment: $\begin{matrix} {L_{0} = {\frac{x}{\theta}.}} & (1) \end{matrix}$

[0099] Likewise, distance L_(r) from point of application P₅ of the load to fixed point H₃ in the roll direction can be approximated with the use of (Eq. 6): $\begin{matrix} {{L\quad r} = {\frac{x}{\varphi}.}} & (6) \end{matrix}$

[0100] On the other hand, if the displacement produced by application of external shock power F is assumed to be expressed by values of rotation around point of application P₅ of the load and a value of translation at the point of application in the direction of the disk, then by representing the displacement in the vertical direction toward disk 2 by x, the displacement in the pitch direction by θ, and the displacement in the roll direction by φ, with the point of application P₅ of the load to head slider 90 taken as the reference, (Eq. 7) can be obtained: $\begin{matrix} {{{\begin{pmatrix} k_{11} & k_{12} & k_{13} \\ k_{21} & k_{22} & k_{23} \\ k_{31} & k_{32} & k_{33} \end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix} X \\ \theta \\ \varphi \end{pmatrix}} = \begin{pmatrix} F \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}},} & (7) \end{matrix}$

[0101] where k_(mn) (m, n are integers from 1 to 3) denote moduli of stiffness when the viscous fluid film between head slider 90 and disk 2 acts as a spring, of which k₁₁ is vertical stiffness, k₂₂ is rotational stiffness in the pitch direction, and k₃₃ is rotational stiffness in the roll direction; other than the diagonal components, i.e., k₁₂ and k₂₁, for example, are modulus of force in rotational direction generated when head slider 90 moves in the direction perpendicular to disk 2 and modulus of force in vertical direction generated by rotational movement. By transforming the above equation, we obtain (Eq. 8): $\begin{matrix} {\begin{pmatrix} x \\ \theta \\ \phi \end{pmatrix} = {\begin{pmatrix} G_{11} & G_{12} & G_{13} \\ G_{21} & G_{22} & G_{23} \\ G_{31} & G_{32} & G_{33} \end{pmatrix}{\begin{pmatrix} F \\ M_{\theta} \\ M_{\varphi} \end{pmatrix}.}}} & (8) \end{matrix}$

[0102] Accordingly, distance L₀ to fixed point H₂ can be expressed, from (Eq. 1) and (Eq. 8), as (Eq. 9), and distance L_(r) to fixed point H₃ can be expressed, from (Eq. 6) and (Eq. 8), as (Eq. 10). Here, G₁₁, G₂₁, and G₃₁ are inverses of vertical stiffness k₁₁ of spring stiffness of viscous fluid film, rotational stiffness k₂₂ in the pitch direction, and rotational stiffness k₃₃ in the roll direction, respectively, namely moduli of displacements due to force, or moduli indicating flexibility in each direction (called modulus of force). Incidentally, since, G₁₁, G₂₁, and G₃₁ are inverses of k₁₁, k₂₂, and k₃₃, respectively, as described above, Eq. (9) is equivalent to Eq. (4). $\begin{matrix} {{{L\quad o} = {\frac{x}{\theta} = {- \frac{G_{11}}{G_{21}}}}},} & (9) \\ {{L\quad r} = {\frac{x}{\varphi} = {- {\frac{G_{11}}{G_{31}}.}}}} & (10) \end{matrix}$

[0103] The above moduli of force G₁₁, G₂₁, and G₃₁ can be univocally obtained if such factors as the form of opposite-to-disk surface of the head slider, the rotating speed of the disk, and the equivalent mass are determined. By compositing the above two values as coordinates, the distance from the point of application to fixed point H₁ can be determined.

[0104] In determining the position of fixed point H₁ when distance L₀ in the pitch direction and distance L_(r) in the roll direction are defined as above and head slider length L_(s) and slider width W_(s) are used, it is desired that the position of fixed point H₁ be located, by using L₀ and L_(r), in the ranges of 0.5<L₀/L_(s)≦2.5 and 0.5<L_(r)/W_(s)≦2.5.

[0105] More specifically, when L₀/L_(s)>2.5 and L_(r)/W_(s)>2.5, the following disadvantage arises. That is, when fixed point H₁ is expressed as the distance from rear end portion 101 of positive pressure generating section on one side 941 of head slider 90, fixed point H₁ comes to be located more than two times as far as length L_(s) and width W_(s) away from rear end portion 101. When a head slider having such fixed-point positions is subjected to a shock power, though it rotates around the fixed points as centers of rotations in the pitch direction and in the roll direction with the angles kept positive, the angular displacements are very small. Hence, in substance, a displacement virtually parallel to the vertical direction only is produced. Therefore, the rear end portion collides with the disk even under a relatively small shock power and gives damage to it at times. Therefore, the head slider assembly cannot provide around 650 G of shock resistance which is required of it when mounted on portable equipment.

[0106] On the other hand, when L₀/L_(s)≦0.5 and L_(r)/W_(s)≦0.5, the fixed point H₁ comes to be located at rear end portion of positive pressure generating section on one side 941 of head slider 90 or at a position closer to the interior of the head slider than the rear end portion. When the fixed point is set in such a position, even if the head slider 90 is displaced to the position indicated by head slider 901 under application of shock power F, it is prevented from colliding with the disk. However, if a still larger shock power is applied, such a phenomenon occurs that the flying height at the front end portion becomes smaller than the flying height at the rear end portion and, accordingly, formation of viscous fluid film between the opposite-to-disk surface and the disk surface is stopped. When such a phenomena occurs, the spring stiffness owing to the viscous fluid film disappears and, hence, the disk loses its flying power. Thus, collision of head slider 90 with the surface of disk 2 is caused and head slider 90 or disk 2 is damaged. When such a negative pith angle or a negative roll angle is produced, the value of shock resistance comes to be greatly affected by slight variation of the rotating speed, the skew angle, or the load. Decrease in the flying height leads to a sudden damage. Hence, variation of the value of shock resistance becomes great. Thus, also when a head slider has the fixed point located within the range as described above, the head slider is disabled to assure the shock resistance value required of it when it is to be mounted on portable equipment.

[0107] As described above, distances L₀, L_(r) to fixed point H₂, H₃ in the pitch direction and in the roll direction are obtained from spring stiffness of the viscous fluid film and the position of composite fixed point H₁ is obtained from L₀, L_(r) in the described manner. By designing the opposite-to-disk surface such that the position of fixed point H₁ is located a predetermined distance outwardly from the rear end portion of the head slider, a head slider 90 having good shock resistance can be realized. The present exemplary embodiment has first positive pressure generating section 93 and second positive pressure generating sections 94 disposed at the front end portion and the rear end portion, respectively. Further, it is arranged such that the positive pressure generated in positive pressure generating section 941 on one side, which has transducer 104 mounted thereon, is greater than the positive pressure generated by positive pressure generating section 942 on the other side. When such head slider 90 is subjected to a shock power while flying over the disk surface, the spring stiffness effectively works until the rear end portion at which transducer 104 is mounted comes in touch with disk 2. Owing to this spring stiffness, head slider 90 is allowed to make rotational displacements in both pitch direction and roll direction to absorb the shock power. Further, since head slider 90 of the third exemplary embodiment has first positive pressure generating section 93 provided with side rails, the side rails also generate positive pressure. This positive pressure has two peaks in the lateral direction, thereby improving the stability of the head slider against variation of the roll angle.

[0108] In the present exemplary embodiment, there is provided negative pressure generating section 96 within positive pressure generating section 941 on one side of second positive pressure generating sections 94. By virtue of this arrangement, while the positive pressure is increased and the spring stiffness is enhanced accordingly, the flying height at the rear end portion on the side where transducer 104 is mounted is reduced. This invention is not limited to such structure. For example, it may have an opposite-to-disk surface as shown in FIG. 14, in which similar components to those in FIG. 12 are denoted by similar reference numerals. In opposite-to-disk surface 112 of head slider 110 shown in FIG. 14, both of positive pressure generating section 1141, on one side, and positive pressure generating section 1142, on the other side, of second positive pressure generating sections 114 are extended rearward to reach the edge of rear end portion 101, one positive pressure generating section 1141 is made larger in area than other positive pressure generating section 1142, and second negative pressure generating section 118 is provided within the positive pressure generating section 1141. Further, the distance between second intermediate-leveled surface 117 and side rail 933 is made larger than the distance between second intermediate-leveled surface 116 and side rail 932. Owing to such arrangement, the center of the negative pressure generated in negative pressure generating section 95 is shifted toward the position where transducer 104 is disposed. By virtue of the shifted center of the negative pressure and the provision of second negative pressure generating section 118, the flying height on the side of rear end portion 101 where transducer 104 is disposed can be kept at a minimum even if the positive pressure generated by positive pressure generating section 1141 on one side is increased.

[0109] In opposite-to-disk surface 122 of head slider 120 shown in FIG. 15, positive pressure generating section 1231 on one side is made larger in area than positive pressure generating section 1232 on the other side and, in addition, section 1231 on one side is made 10 nm higher than section 1232 on the other side. Further, with reference to positive pressure rail 1221 and side rails 1222, 1223 whereby first positive pressure generating section 122 is made up, the distance between side rail 1222 and positive pressure generating section 1231 on one side of second positive pressure generating sections 123 is made shorter than the distance between side rail 1223 and positive pressure generating section 1232 on the other side. On account of such configuration, the positive pressure generated by positive pressure generating section 1231 on one side is increased, and in the meantime, the center of negative pressure generated by negative pressure generating section 95 is shifted toward the side of transducer 104 so that a predetermined angle of inclination can be provided.

[0110] Also, the point of application at which a load from the suspension is applied to the head slider may be shifted from the center of gravity of head slider toward the side of the transducer so that a predetermined angle of inclination is obtained.

[0111] In the present exemplary embodiment, positive pressure generating section on one side and positive pressure generating section on the other side both were formed in a virtually hexagonal shape. Of course, it may be in a square or other polygonal shape. Further, although the second negative pressure generating section provided within the positive pressure generating section on one side was made in a square shape in the present exemplary embodiment, the shape is not limited; otherwise, the positive pressure generating section on one side may be divided in two by having a groove cut therein parallel to the lateral direction of the slider.

[0112] Although the present exemplary embodiment has been described as having side rails attached to the first positive pressure generating section, such side rails are not absolutely necessary provided that predetermined spring stiffness can be obtained.

[0113] Although the distance to the fixed point has been obtained from the spring stiffness of the viscous fluid film in the present exemplary embodiment, the invention is not limited to such method. Similar effect will be obtained if another method is used. Further, the head slider of the present exemplary embodiment is such that is mentioned by way of example and the invention is not limited to the described configuration, provided that the opposite-to-disk surface is so designed as to have predetermined angles of inclination in both pitch and roll directions and able to absorb a shock power by rotating around a fixed point, taken as the center of rotation, located a predetermined distance outwardly from the head slider.

Fourth Exemplary Embodiment

[0114] In the present exemplary embodiment, description will be made on a small, thin disk drive which can be mounted on portable equipment employing the above described head slider of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a sectional view of a main portion of a driving means mounting thereon a magnetic disk having a magnetic recording layer formed on one side thereof and having a sloped surface formed on the other side. Magnetic disk 300 has magnetic recording layer 320 formed on a planar surface on one side of disk substrate 310. The other side is formed such that the disk thickness becomes gradually thinner from the center toward the circumference. Drive means 650, for which a spindle motor for example is used, has rotor 350 with rotating magnet 370 attached thereto, stator 500 arranged to be opposite to rotating magnet 370, bearing section 450 for supporting rotor 350 on an axis for rotation, and frame 550 for securely fixing bearing section 450 and stator 500 thereto. Further, rotor 350 is formed of rotating table 380 having rotating magnet 370 attached thereto via back yoke 360 and shaft 390 fixed in rotating table 380. Bearing section 450 is constructed of a hydrodynamic bearing formed of radial bearing 460 and thrust bearing 470. Further, suction plate 600 formed of soft magnetic material, which is circularly arranged to oppose rotating magnet 370, is fixed onto frame 550 for preventing rotor 350 from being lifted up from bearing section 450.

[0115] After the center of shaft 390 as a constituent of rotor 350 is aligned with the center of magnetic disk 300, magnetic disk 300 is fixed to drive means 650 by adhesion via adhesion section 400.

[0116] Such a disk drive is made up of drive means 650 with magnetic disk 300 attached thereto, a suspension with the head slider of the present invention fixed thereto, and an actuator arm, and an actuator for driving the same. This disk drive, in overall structure, is the same as the device shown in FIG. 2. Since recording and playback operation performed therein is the same as in conventional disk drives, description of the same will be omitted. As apparent from the above description, the present device is constructed of one disk and one piece of the transducer corresponding thereto. Accordingly, its shock resistance can be certainly improved by the method as described above. Further, smaller and thinner device can be realized.

[0117] In the above described disk drive, the equivalent mass of the head slider including the mass of the suspension is 8 mg, the pitch angle θ_(p) of the head slider flying over the disk surface is 70 μrad, the flying height X₂ on the downstream side is 13 nm, the load from suspension 5 is 2 gf, the rotating speed of the disk is 4500 rpm, and the skew angle is −5 degrees. When the load is set greater than 2 gf, though the head slider is prevented from jumping, the positive force is required to be increased accordingly. To attain this, the head slider must be enlarged and, hence, contamination, particle dust, and the like tend to be easily entrained. When a head slider jumps upon application of a large shock power, the possibility of its colliding with the disk becomes very great and the value of shock resistance tends to fluctuate. To suppress the fluctuation of the value of shock resistance, it is desired that the load be set lower than 2 gf. Incidentally, such an arrangement is also possible where no load from the suspension is applied, but only the mass of the head slider is used as the load.

[0118] Further, the smaller the sum of the mass of the head slider and the equivalent mass of the suspension, the less becomes occurrence of damage. This is because, even if a large impulsive acceleration is applied, the shock power to be impressed on the head slider is small if the mass is small. By setting this value lower than 10 mg or, preferably, less than 8 mg, occurrence of a damage can be prevented even when an impulsive acceleration of approximately 650 to 800 G is applied. Since material of the head slider and suspension are restricted, the sum of the masses at the minimum is 0.5 mg. Hence, by setting it within the range from 0.5 mg to 10 mg, a disk drive having a good shock resistance value can be realized.

[0119] Further, since the disk in the disk drive of the present exemplary embodiment is formed so as to become thinner toward the circumferential edge, the deformation produced in the disk when the disk drive is subjected to an impulsive acceleration can be reduced to ⅓ of that in conventional disks. Because of this reduction in deformation, even if a larger impulsive acceleration is applied to the disk drive, collision with the head slider of the disk due to its deformation can be prevented and occurrence of damage can be prevented. Further, since maximum tensile stress and maximum compressive stress applied to the disk can be decreased to approximately ⅓ and ½, respectively, as compared with those in the case of conventional disks, occurrence of damage of the disk itself by shock power can be prevented. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A head slider flying over a surface of a disk-shaped recording medium for making at least one of recording and playback by using a transducer, comprising: a front end portion on a forward side with respect to a rotating direction of a disk-shaped recording medium; a rear end portion on a rearward side; an opposite-to-disk surface arranged to be opposite to the disk-shaped recording medium; and a transducer disposed on said opposite-to-disk surface, wherein said head slider is allowed to fly over a surface of the disk-shaped recording medium under a dynamic pressure, produced from a viscous fluid flow accompanying rotation of the disk-shaped recording medium and a load urging said head slider toward the disk-shaped recording medium, and said opposite-to-disk surface is formed to have a fixed point set at a position located rearwardly from the rear end portion of said head slider and at a predetermined distance from a point of application of the load, thereby rotating said head slider around the fixed point when a shock power is externally applied to the same flying over a surface of the disk-shaped recording medium, in a direction in which at least one of pitch angle and roll angle decreases while each angle is kept positive.
 2. The head slider according to claim 1, wherein said opposite-to-disk surface is formed to have the distance from the point of application of the load to the fixed point set at a predetermined ratio to a length from the front end portion to the rear end portion of said head slider, thereby allowing said head slider to rotate in a pitch direction around the fixed point.
 3. The head slider according to claim 2, wherein said opposite-to-disk surface is formed to satisfy 0.5<L ₀ /L _(s)≦2, where L₀ is the distance from the point of application of the load to the fixed point and L_(s) is a length of said head slider.
 4. The head slider according to claim 1, wherein said opposite-to-disk surface is formed to have the distance from the point of application of the load to the fixed point set at a predetermined ratio to a distance from the point of application of the load to an intersection of an extended line of the opposite-to-disk surface with the surface of the disk-shaped recording medium, thereby rotating said head slider in a pitch direction around the fixed point.
 5. The head slider according to claim 4, wherein said opposite-to-disk surface is formed to satisfy, when the distance from the point of application of the load to the fixed point is denoted by L₀, the length of said head slider by L_(s), a pitch angle of said head slider flying over the surface of the disk-shaped recording medium by θ_(p), and a flying height of said head slider at the rear end portion thereof over the surface of the disk-shaped recording medium by X₂, 1≦L ₀ /L _(d)≦2.5, where L_(d)=(L_(s)/2)+(X₂/tan(θ_(p))).
 6. The head slider according to claim 1, wherein, said opposite-to-disk surface is formed to have the fixed point set at a composite position of a position having a predetermined ratio to a length of said head slider, and a position having a predetermined ratio to a width of said head slider, such that, when a shock power is externally applied to said head slider while said head slider has a flying attitude over the disk-shaped recording medium at a predetermined pitch angle and roll angle, said head slider is rotated around the fixed point in a direction in which the pitch angle and the roll angle decrease with each angle kept positive.
 7. The head slider according to claims 1 to 6, wherein the fixed point is obtained from a ratio between rotational stiffness and vertical stiffness in the rotating direction with respect to a vertical displacement, obtained when a viscous fluid film, formed as a result of viscous fluid inflow between said opposite-to-disk surface of said head slider and the disk-shaped recording medium, is assumed to be a spring.
 8. The head slider according to any of claims 2 to 5, wherein said opposite-to-disk surface has a positive pressure generating section and a negative pressure generating section, wherein said positive pressure generating section has: a first positive pressure generating section extended from the head end portion of said head slider to a predetermined position and disposed orthogonally to a longitudinal direction of said head slider; and a second positive pressure generating section extended from the rear end portion of said head slider to a predetermined position and disposed centrally in a lateral direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of said head slider, and wherein said negative pressure generating section is disposed centrally between the first positive pressure generating section and the second positive pressure generating section such that a center of the negative pressure is located at a position shifted from a position of application of the load toward the rear end portion.
 9. The head slider according to claim 8, wherein said first positive pressure generating section is provided, in connection therewith, with side rails on both sides in the lateral direction of said head slider.
 10. The head slider according to claim 8, wherein said negative pressure generating section is provided in an area virtually surrounded by an intermediate-leveled surface lower than a surface of said positive pressure generating section and higher than a surface of said negative pressure generating section with reference to the surface of said positive pressure generating section.
 11. The head slider according to claim 9, wherein said negative pressure generating section is provided in an area virtually surrounded by an intermediate-leveled surface lower than a surface of said positive pressure generating section and higher than a surface of said negative pressure generating section, with reference to the surface of said positive pressure generating section.
 12. The head slider according to claim 8, wherein the point of application of the load is positioned at a center of gravity of said head slider.
 13. The head slider according to claim 9, wherein the point of application of the load is positioned at a center of gravity of said head slider.
 14. The head slider according to claim 10, wherein the point of application of the load is positioned at a center of gravity of said head slider.
 15. The head slider according to claim 11, wherein the point of application of the load is positioned at a center of gravity of said head slider.
 16. The head slider according to claim 6, wherein said opposite-to-disk surface has: a first positive pressure generating section extended from the front end portion to a predetermined position; and a pair of second positive pressure generating sections extended from the rear end portion to predetermine positions generating different positive pressures from each other, and wherein one positive pressure generating section of said pair of second positive pressure generating sections generating higher positive pressure has the transducer mounted thereon.
 17. The head slider according to claim 16, wherein said opposite-to-disk surface further has side rails disposed on both sides in a lateral direction, orthogonal to the direction from the front end portion of said opposite-to-disk surface toward the rear end portion, in connection with said first positive pressure generating section and separated from said second positive pressure generating section.
 18. The head slider according to claim 16, wherein said opposite-to-disk surface has a negative pressure generating section in an area surrounded by said first positive pressure generating section and second positive pressure generating section, with a center of the negative pressure generated by said negative pressure generating section located at a position shifted from the point of application of the load toward a side of the transducer.
 19. The head slider according to claim 17, wherein said opposite-to-disk surface has a negative pressure generating section in an area surrounded by said first positive pressure generating section and second positive pressure generating section, with a center of the negative pressure generated by said negative pressure generating section located at a position shifted from the point of application of the load toward a side of the transducer.
 20. The head slider according to claim 16, wherein the point of application of the load is positioned at a center of gravity of said head slider.
 21. The head slider according to claim 17, wherein the point of application of the load is positioned at a center of gravity of said head slider.
 22. The head slider according to claim 18, wherein the point of application of the load is positioned at a center of gravity of said head slider.
 23. The head slider according to claim 19, wherein the point of application of the load is positioned at a center of gravity of said head slider.
 24. The head slider according to claim 16, wherein the point of application of the load is located at a position shifted from a center of gravity of said head slider toward a side of the transducer.
 25. The head slider according to claim 17, wherein the point of application of the load is located at a position shifted from a center of gravity of said head slider toward a side of the transducer.
 26. The head slider according to claim 18, wherein the point of application of the load is located at a position shifted from a center of gravity of said head slider toward a side of the transducer.
 27. The head slider according to claim 19, wherein the point of application of the load is located at a position shifted from a center of gravity of said head slider toward a side of the transducer.
 28. The head slider according to any of claims 16 to 27 wherein a negative pressure generating section is provided within said one positive pressure generating section.
 29. A head supporter comprising: a head slider flying over a surface of a disk-shaped recording medium for making at least one of recording and playback by using a transducer; a slider holder fixing said head slider to one end thereof and fixed to a beam at the other end thereof; and said beam for applying a load to said head slider via a pivot section, wherein said head slider comprises: a front end portion on a forward side with respect to a rotating direction of a disk-shaped recording medium; a rear end portion on a rearward side; an opposite-to-disk surface arranged to be opposite to the disk-shaped recording medium; and a transducer disposed on said opposite-to-disk surface, wherein said head slider is allowed to fly over a surface of the disk-shaped recording medium under a dynamic pressure, produced from a viscous fluid flow accompanying rotation of the disk-shaped recording medium and a load urging said head slider toward the disk-shaped recording medium, and wherein said opposite-to-disk surface is formed to have a fixed point set at a position located rearwardly from the rear end portion of said head slider and at a predetermined distance from a point of application of the load, thereby rotating said head slider around the fixed point when a shock power is externally applied to the same flying over a surface of the disk-shaped recording medium, in a direction in which at least one of pitch angle and roll angle decreases while each angle is kept positive.
 30. A disk drive comprising: a disk-shaped recording medium; a driver for rotatably driving said disk-shaped recording medium; a head supporter made up of a head slider having a transducer mounted thereon and a suspension; and an actuator arm fixing said head supporter thereto and supported on a shaft for rotation; and positioning means for swinging said actuator arm, wherein said head supporter is the head supporter set forth in claim
 29. 31. The disk drive according to claim 30, wherein mass of said head supporter is between 0.5 mg-10 mg inclusive.
 32. The disk drive according to claim 30, wherein said load is set to 2 gf or under.
 33. The disk drive according to claim 31, wherein said load is set to 2 gf or under.
 34. The disk drive according to claims 30 to 33, having one each of said disk-shaped recording medium and said transducer, wherein said disk-shaped recording medium is a magnetic disk having a magnetic recording layer formed only on one surface of the disk and said transducer is a magnetic head.
 35. The disk drive according to claim 34, wherein the surface of said magnetic disk having no recording layer formed thereon is given an oblique face extended from a predetermined circumferential portion around a center of the disk toward an outer circumferential edge portion, such that thickness of the disk becomes smaller toward its circumferential edge at a predetermined rate. 